sso si.

e- usually plur. (ki/bi) beans, peas, etc., in the pod and not yet mature, ebijanjaalo ebito ebikyali ebikagga, tender. young beans.

a- plur. obwambe (ka/bu) knife (usually locally made and not used as a table knife); orig. curved Kiganda knife. cf. lyambe (eryambe), omwambe.

cut in pieces. Oteekwa okukola ennyo ate nga tosalaasala mu kuyiga kwo. You should work very hard and not interrupt your studies.

-yo, -mu, -wo. ba becomes baa- before such an addition, mbaako kye njogera, if 1 have something to say (note that this does not imply physical pos ses s ion as is often the case when -na is suffexed to -li), abo abanaabaawo enkya, those who will be present tomorrow. Bwe walibaamu amazzi mu mugga, tulivuba. If there is water in the river we will fish. Taliimu. He is stupid or He is not at home.

be lacking, lack; be at a loss for; lose. Yabulwa eky' okuddamu. He was at a loss for an answer. Nnali siyinza kubulwa ddoboozi lye. I could not be mistaken about/fail to recognize his voice. Bwe yamunoonya n'abulwa n' agenda. When he looked for him without success (lit. and he was missing) he went away. Omuntu bw'abulwa by'ayogera anuuna ne ku vvu. (prov.) When a person is at a loss for words he even sucks on ashes. (This is said of a person who talks for the sake of talking).

nzize) v.i. return, come back; go back; go; come up (of crops); take effect (of medicine), kudda mu mbeera, to return to normal, kudda mu maziga, to burst into tears; kudda mu ddiiro, to do a job over (because it was poorly done the first time); to dance again, kudda ngulu, to regain consciousness; to wake up. kudda buto, to become childish, enter one's second childhood (see buto for additional meanings). kudda ku mabbali, to stand aside, kudda mu bi- gere bya..., to follow in the footsteps of, succeed. Tayinza kudda awo kumala bi- seera bye. He can't just stand around and waste his time, abanlu abatalina kadda eri mumwa, people who have nothing to eat, lit. who do not have (a little thing, kantu implied) which returns to the lip. Emmere ezze. The food has been vomited up or The crops have come up.

etc.; do again, v.tr. take, take hold of, take up; come for, come and take, ne bataddira kulabagana nate, and they did not see each other again.

to lose one's head over something; to lose one's sense of values because of something. N'obugagga nno bwe butyo tebubama- langamu nsa. And do not, in that way, let (the desire for) wealth get the better of you/ cause you to lose your perspective. Okuvuma omusomesa kimumalamu ensa eri b'asomesa. To insult the teacher causes him to lose respect in the eyes of the students he is teaching.

carelessness, inevitability (in the sense of being obliged to do what one does not want to do) and even sheer exasperation. Tumaze ga- gendayo. We sent there just for the sake of going. Mumale gaddamu, temulowooza. Just give an answer, don't think about it first. Mala gakola. Just go ahead and do it. Don't spend too much time on it. Among the younger generation there is a tendency to drop the verbal stem which normally follows ga-. The meaning is implied from context, e.g., Twamala ga-. We simply went there (or simply did something else, dep ending on previous context).

for which see the grammars. One usage which presents serious difficulties to the users of the dictionary must be mentioned here. ka- is the prefix for singular nouns of the ka/bu class. This class contains not only nouns proper to it, but in addition most other nouns can be converted to this class; in the latter case the resultant noun is a diminutive. In many cases sound changes obscure the relationship between the original noun and the diminutive: ente, cow; akate, small cow. ejjinja, rock; akayinja, stone, endabirwamu, mirror; akalabirwamu, small mirror.

a- (ka/bu) reluctance; misgiving; failure to be convinced; regret; defect, ng'asigaddemu akakenyera, and he was not quite convinced, cf. ^kenya, kenyera, enkenyera.

a- (ka/bu) a burst of laughter (often scornful in character), okukuba akakule, to burst out laughing, okutema akakule, to laugh loudly and scornfully at (with a personal object), okufuna bya kakule, to obtain for nothing; to buy at a price far below the normal.

a- lit. one (little thing, akantu is implied). The phrase n'akamu is used with neg. verbs and is translated not at all. ebigambo ebitasanyusa n'akamu, words which are not pleasing at all. cf. ^-mu.

a- (ka/bu) small valley. Sijja ku- menya kawonvu na kagga ku ntambula yange, i will not gp into details about my trip, lit. I will not mention the little valley and the little river, cf. ekiwonvu.

e- pej. augm. of liiso, eye. Kiiso kya mbuzi kirekera omussi ne kitunuulira omu- baazi. (prov.) The eye of the goat turns away from the one who is killing it and looks at the one who will skin it. Perhaps this means that we do not always realize who our real enemies are.

e- (ki/bi) shock; terror; terrifying event; something appalling, akabenje ak'ekikangabwa, a shocking accident, kukuba kikangabwa, to shock, terrify. Ekikangabwa tekimanya muzira. (prov.) A terrifying event does not recognize a hero, i.e., it elicits the same response from brave men and cowards.

e- (ki/bi) grimace, facial expression of disgust. Ebikongoolo tebitta nnume. (prov.) lit. Grimaces do not kill a bull. Sticks and stones can break my bones but names can never hurt me. cf. kongoola.

e- adv. quickly, rapidly; hastily and in a slipshod manner, in a slapdash way. with the -a of rel. hasty, impulsive. Omwa- na oyo wa kipaku nnyo. | That child is very hasty/does not follow instructions.

e- (ki/bi) lit. it-will-not-grow-up (from kula), kind of insect which bores into dry wood. Kitaakule kizimba mu lumuli. (prov.) The kitaakule builds in a reed (and will soon perish when the reeds are burnt).

e- (ki/bi) rough bark (the first to be taken off of the barkcloth treej used for burials and other purposes which do not require a finer type of cloth).

to; at; among (of place, time and other relationships), ku mmeeza, on the table, ku lunaku luno, on this day. to express the partitive okulya emmere, to eat food; okulya ku mmere, to eat some food/ some of the food, ku lwa (before an infinitive), because of, on account of. Ku Iw'oku- beera omulwadde teyajja. Because he was sick (= because of being sick) he did not come, ku lwa (before a substantive), on behalf of. ku lwange, on my behalf, ku lwa Gavumenti, on behalf of the Government. Ali ku bwa Katonda. He is very seriously ill, lit. he is in the (obuyinza, power, implied) of God. Nze siri ku muntu ayagala okunywa omwenge. I do not care for a person who likes to drink beer. In form and function ku is related to the enclitic -ko, q. v.

nnemye) v.i. & tr. fail; be too much for. Talirema kujja. He will not fail to come. He will certainly come. Ekyo kyamulema okukola. He failed to do that. That proved too much for him. Eby'obufuzi bimulemye. He has been a failure in politics. As an aux. verb lema is used in the neg. imper. and in the neg. subj. Tuleme kwerabira. Let US not forget. Kwata ekitabo kyo kireme okugwa. Hold on to your book so that it does not fall.

o- (lu/n) wound, scar or cut on the head received as a result of fighting. Baana na baana, ng'omu tannatema munne lubale. (prov.) lit. Children and children, as long as one does not inflict a wound on his companion. Friendship and good relations can continue as long as both parties treat each other with decency and respect.

namely. It is similar in function, to nti (q.v.) but implies doubt and unc ertainty. Yagamba nti alijja. He said that he would come. Yagamba mbu alijja. He said that he would come (but I am not at all sure that he will), as an adv. it would seem that, apparently, one might get the impression, they say. Mbu omubbi bamukutte. Apparently (I think, I have heard) they have caught the thief.

e- (n/n) described in previous dictionaries as: sternum, sternal cartilage; pit of the stomach; internal bodily part. It is now used almost always in a figurative sense: heart, soul, seat of the emotions. It occurs in hundreds of phrases and expressions of which the following is a sampling: mu ngeri ya kawanika mmeeme, in a frightening way. kwekuba mmeeme, to reconsider, emmeeme n'enfa, and my heart sank/I was utterly distressed. Nze emmeeme yangwa wala. I became very depressed. Otukubye wala emmeeme. You have really given us a scare. Emmeeme yamudda mu nteeko. He felt relieved, lit. his heart went back in place, ow'emmeeme etawaana amangu, one who is easily nauseated. Emmeeme entye- muse. 1 am terribly anxious/concerned/ shocked. Kino kyali ng'ekyawanula emmeeme ye. This seemed to relieve him/ calm him down. Emmeeme katale, ky'esiima ky'egula. (prov.) The heart is like going to market — it buys what it wants. Emmeeme gy'esula, ebigere gye bikeera. fprov.J Where the heart sleeps is where the feet- go in the morning, i.e., when you sleep with the intention of doing something, that is what you do. Emmeeme etefumba kigambo ekwo- geza munno ky'atagenda kwerabira. (prov.) lit. The heart which does not fashion well the spoken word makes you say what your friend will never forget. The spoken word can never be retracted.

brother or sister (of the same sex as the person speaking or spoken of); cousin. Note that this noun never has the initial vowel and must be followed by a possessive adjective or a noun with which it is connected by the -a of rel.

lit. the hunter does not miss. Used as an amulet by hunters and fishermen, cf. yigga, subwa.

with (denoting instrument or association), adv. also, too. na is also regularly suffixed to -ii, is, are, io express possession. Alina ensimbi. He has money, na sometimes alternates with ne (q.v.). When na means with it is replaced by ne if the verb is positive. Genda ne Kapere. Go with K. Togenda na Kapere. Do not go with K. The disjunctive pronouns are regularly suffixed to na. nange, and I, I also, naawe (2nd. sing.), naye (3rd sing.), naffe (1st plur.), nammwe (2nd plur.), nabo (3rd plur.).

e-i kufuna bya ndola, to obtain for nothing; to buy at a price far below the normal. ndola originally referred either to ‘1) a woman given by her father to a man in return for his labor, or 2) a child taken by its grandfather and redeemed by its father on the payment of money.' (Sn.)

e- (n/n) nose, ennyindo y'empiso, the eye of a needle. Nnyindo ky'ezira, omumwa tegulya. (prov.) What the nose rejects the mouth will not eat. kuseka nnyindo ya- nkolera, to laugh boisterously/uproariously, kubeera ku nnyindo, to be very near. Ebintu bye yabisibira ku nnyindo. He packed his things and left in a hurry, cf. akayindo, kinnyindwa.

etc. Not e: nnyula and other conversives are listed separately. cf. -nnyikivu, obunnyikivu; bbika.

e- (n/n) a number (of units) less than ten; excess, some in addition (with the number not explicitly expressed). With the -a of rel. some odd, some in excess of, some few. ssiringi ttano ne ssente ez'en- susuuba, five shillings and some odd cents. Abaana ababaddeyo baabadde mu nsusuuba. The children who were there were less than ten. cf. suusuuba.

r is not written in initial position in a word (l is used instead). In actual practice unassimilated and partially assimilated words of foreign origin are so written.

plant seed in. Ata- lisiga kumpi nange z'asiga zirisaasaana. (prov.) lit. The one who does not plant near me, what he plants will be scattered. A person who does not have the same beliefs as I do will never convince me of his ways and his words will have little or no effect on me.

nzisizza) v.i. & tr. caus. of kka, q.v. make to go down;'put, place; set up, establish; put forth, bear (fruit, of the plantainj; breathe, okussa ekimu, to agree, come to an agreement; to receive Holy Communion. Bassa kimu nga nkuyege. They get along very well, lit. like termites, okussa ekikkowe, to sigh, okussa omukka, to sigh, draw a breath, okusaako omwoyo, to pay attention, okussa omukono ku nda- gaano, to sign an agreement, okussaamu ekitiibwa, to honor, okussaako, to count in, include, okwo ssaako, and add to that, and besides that, okussaako essira, to stress, emphasize, okussaawo abiri, to look at, just look at (abiri implies maaso, eyes), butassa mukono, without resting, without stopping, kussaawo kikyo (eki- gambo), contribute to a discussion, put in one's own ‘two cents.' kussaawo kakalu, to post bail/a bond. Toliimu kassa. You are really stupid. Yagambye nti amaze oku- ssaawo gavumenti ey'ekiseera. He said that he had set up a provisional government. Nnaalongo teyassaamu kantu nga batambula. The wife did not hesitate and they went off. akalenzi kaba kabissa kati ne..., just as the little boy finished telling these things...

miss out on (with the Luganda subject corresponding to the English object and vice versa). Olugendo lunsubye. I have missed out on the trip, ebikulu bingi ebitasaanye kukusuba, many important things which you should not miss.

v.tr. create. Sandilutonze. I would not have escaped. I would not have lived to tell the tale.

e- no plur. (li/ma) ashes. Olwa Vvu, Ash Wednesday, kukuba vvu, to be scornful, scorn. Tonkubira vvu. Don't treat me scornfully. Omuvubuka yagudde ekigwo eggulo, kati vvu. The youth had a fall yesterday and now he is dead, lit. ashes. Oba tolina ky'oyogera nuuna ku vvu. Stop telling me that nonsense, lit. if you have nothing to say, suck on ashes, cf. kivuvu, oluvu.

blaze; shine, shine brightly (of the sun); light up; fig. flare up in anger, be burned up;' suffer from great hunger or thirst. Omusana gwagenda ne gwaka e Kalongero okuyitirira, era kati abantu baayo baaka anti emmere tekyala- bika. The sun has been shining with great intensity at Kalongero and now the people are suffering from famine and food is not yet available, n'azikubamu ne zaaka omu- liro, and he clapped his hands excitedly, and he was shocked/stunned, lit. and he struck them (-zi- - ngalo = hands) and they burned like fire. okwaka inf.

njasamye) v.i. open the mouth; be open, open (of the mouth); fig. open, open up (something which can be compared to the mouth). Yeegombanga ettaka lyasame limumire. He used to wish that the earth would open and swallow him up. Ky otonnalya tosooka kwasama. (prov.) lit. What you have not yet eaten, do not first open your mouth (in anticipation). Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. okwasama inf.

pass around. Atannayitaayita y'atenda nnyina okufumba. (prov.) He who has not traveled around praises his own mother's cooking. Okuyitaayita kulaba. (prov.) To travel around is to see. Live and learn.

v.tr. be lost to. Ekitabo kimbuze. I have lost my book, lit. the book has become lost to me. obusungu ne bubula okumutta, and he became furious, lit. anger almost killed him. Akakiiko kaamaze ekiro kyonna nga kateesa, ne kabulako kye kamaliriza. The committee spent the whole night in discussion, but failed to reach a decision. Ebulayo eddakiika ttaano okuwera essaawa ettaano. It is five minutes to eleven, lit. there are lacking five minutes to eleven (five by Bantu time). Ennyumba ye yabadde ebulayo katono mu maaso. His house was a short distance ahead. Yajja abulidde mu mugugu. He came loaded down (lit. disappearing into) with a large bundle. Ssente te(zi)bula mukwate. Money is not lacking to one who is arrested/apprehended (i.e., a person charged with an offense will do everything possible to have himself exhonerated). gunaabula asala, lit. the case (omusango is implied by gu-) will lack any one who (can) pass judgment, i.e., it will be a cliff-hanger/a'thriller, ' a contest whose outcome is in doubt to the end or it will be pandemonium, sheer chaos/confusion.

o- (mu/ba) banyan, one of a caste of Hindu merchants and traders. The ba- in banyan fn Hindi word cf Sanskrit uilgin) was presumably interpreted as the Bantu pluralizing affix ba-, thus producing the anomalous back formation Munyani. This does not occur in Swahili which has banyani.

(in certain cases) maternal aunt. The forms are: mmange or nnyabo, nnyoko, nnyina, nnyaffe, nnyammwe, nnyaabwe (my mother, your mother, his/her mother, etc.). Note that nnyabo is also used: 1) as a term of address for a woman: Miss, Mrs, madame and 2) as an interj. expressing sympathy or pity: oh dear! Note that nnyoko, your (sing.) mother is sometimes used in a bad sense. It may be replaced by mukyala.

adv. formative of place frequently equivalent to the English prepositions to or at. Agenze e Kampala. He has gone to Kampala. It is not joined to proper nouns but is prefixed directlv to a number nf pronouns and common nouns, many of which acquire thereby an adverbial function, mabega, back; emabega, backwards, back, amaka, home; eka, at home, (in the direction of) home, waffe, our(s); ewaffe, at our house. cf. ewa.

calm down; become indifferent, lose interest. Ekiwola bakikwasa engalo. (prov.) lit. That which cools down, they take a hold of it with the fingers. One should not respond to a difficult situation by panicky or impulsive action, engabi eyakula n'ewola, a full-grown bushbuck, lit. one who has grown and cooled.

omwoyo or omutima (sometimes implied but not expressed); the personal object corresponds to the English subject, ne gunceekeera buto, and 1 started to worry again/become scared again.

o- (mu/ba) mad person, insane person; one who acts in a wild and erratic fashion but is not actually insane, cf. -lalu,

king, etc.). eby'okulya, food, okulya obwami, to assume the chieftainship, kulya mu ndago, to sing, kulyamu luyi, to slap, kulyamu kikonde, to punch with the fist, kulya mazzi, euph. to drink a lot of beer, lit. water, kulyamu lukwe, to plot, conspire, kulya kijaja or kigagga, to eat very well/in great style, kulya muntu kimuli, to interrupt a person in bi? conversation. kulya nkoko bbiri, to give one's sister in marriage to two men (thereby receiving the gift of two chickens), kulya misinde, to run very fast, kulya butaaia, to roam at large, be on the loose (e.g., of an escaped prisoner), kulya bulamu, to enjoy life, have a good time, kulya eki- banja/emmayiro, to come into land/an estate, okulya ebbanja, to incur a debt, okulya obugenyi, to receive food or presents while a guest, okulya enguzi, to take a bribe, okulya engere, to walk fast, okulya ensimbi, to steal money, okulya ensowole, to take something (e.g., the chieftainship) when one is incompetent or unprepared. Genda olye enkoko yo. You have had a lucky escape/a narrow escape, lit. go and eat your chicken. Omuwala yamulyamu omwoyo. The girl won/stole his heart. Obusungu bwandya. I was consumed with anger. Mwana muwala, oyo andya omutwe! I am completely enamored of that girl, lit. she eats my head. Baagala kumulyamu maaso. They wanted to bawl him out/upbraid him severely. Okulya ennyingi si kuggwa maddu. (prov.) To eat a lot is not to get rid of one's appetite. The more you have, the more you want. Amaanyi sigalya. (prov.) Force does not prevail. Physical strength alone does not accomplish things. Ky'otonnalya tokyesunga. (prov.) What you have not yet eaten, do not anticipate. Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. Kye walyanga bw'olaba ennaku olekayo. (prov.) What you used to eat — when you experience hard times — you give up. One must adjust to circumstances/ calamaties.

v.i. be unresponsive; be inert; stand by helplessly; stand by and do nothing.

return to; go and return on the same day; come after, follow, succeed; be next to, be contiguous to; become slack (of a drum); deteriorate (in one's conduct, studies, etc.); behave badly. Amuddiridde ye Musoke. The one next to him is Musoke. Musoke takyasoma nnyo, addiridde. Musoke does not practice his religion much any more, he has become very lax. omwezi oguddirira, next month.

dwell; convene (of a meeting), kutuula ntitibbwa, to sit/stay in one place without budging, kutuula ntende or mirembe, to be doing well, be getting along comfortably, kutuula ama- tiitiiri, to kneel and sit on the heels; to be uneasy/anxious/on tenterhooks, kutuula kitebe, to stay in one place without going away, kutuula mu nsonga, to sit down together and give a matter careful consideration. kutuula ku zintengese, to live in mortal fear, kutuula aweesiifu, to live in happiness and peace, kutuulawo, to menstruate. Omukazi Omuyima antuulidde ku kisaabo. The woman of the Bahima has put a hex on me, i.e., I am jinxed/unlucky, ab'ennimi ezitatuula, very gabby people, lit. with tongues which do not sit. Omuwala atudde gumuli wamu. The girl is calm/contented/unworried (gu- implies mwoyo, heart, i.e., her heart is in one place).

o- (mu/ba) one who captures, captor; one who confiscates; one who asks a merchant to reserve an item which will be paid for and claimed at a later date. Omu- wambi si muguzi. (prov.) One who has an article set aside is not necessarily the one who buys it. cf. wamba.

apprehend; arrest, capture; rape; /ig. comprehend, ‘catch on to.' v.i. touch; adhere; turn sour (of milk); freeze (of water); coagulate (of blood); be contagious/infectu- ous (of a disease); be intoxicating (of liquor), okukwata omuliro, to catch fire, okukwata wansi ne waggulu, to become furious, hit the ceiling; to become very dangerous/serious (of a situation), okuwata ku mumwa, to be amazed/astonistad. okukwata amateeka, to obey the laws; to memorize the Ten Commandments, emisomo egikwata ku by'obulimi, courses relating to/about/ concerning agriculture, ebintu ebitakukwata- ko, things which do not concern you. obu- lwadde obukwata obukoko obuto, a disease which strikes young chickens. Obulwadde buno bukwata. This disease is contagious. Yakwata lya mu Buyindi. He started off for India, lit. took (kkubo, road, is implied) to India. Obudde bwali bukutte. It had become dark. Omusango gwabakwata. They were found guilty. Ndese bakutte. I have left them eating. Jjangu tukwate. Come and join US in eating, kllkwata eyr. n'pyr, be very large/extensive. Yazimba enju ekwata eyo n'eyo. He built a large house/a house covering a large area. Yankwata mu liiso. He deprived me of something. He did me out of something. Omwami oyo ebyambalo bye bimukutte bulungi. The clothes of that gentleman are very becoming/fit him perfectly.

in wrestling), v.i. be pregnant (of animals). Atalina mwana anaaweeka jjinja, lit. the one who does not have a child will carry a rock, i.e., the anticipated event will be exciting or sensational.

abakozi abasunda amafuta, gasoline-station attendants, kusunda mata, to deliver milk to customers, kusunda lu- buto, to come empty-handed; to come where one is not wanted/invited, kusundasunda lubuto, to breathe rapidly in and out. kusunda bintu, to buy a lot of things; to dispense many things (as food at a social gathering, etc.).

lagira and the forms listed under it seem to be parts of laga. They are listed separately because of the divergence of meaning.

has the following auxiliary functions: 1) kye + va (with the appropriate personal and tense prefixes) + a primary verb express an action or state resulting from a cause (rendered in English by therefore, that is why, that is the reason). Kitange mu- lwadde, kye nva sigenda kulima. My father is ill; that is why I do not go to cultivate. 2) Before the infinitive of another verb va may express recently completed action. Tuva kulima. We have just come from digging. Nva kulya. I have just eaten. 3) The infinitive okuva is equivalent to the English prep, from (referring to either time or space), okuva leero okutuuka mu mwezi ogujja, from today until next month, okuva e Mombasa okutunka e Nairobi, from Mombasa to Nairobi. va is frequently used with enclitics (-wo,

o- (mu/mi) framework structure built around an anthill to help in the catching and collecting of nswa. Thick materials, such as banana leaves, are placed over the structure so that the nswa will not fly away but will collect in holes dug for the purpose. See nvubo.

ne sigenda. I have changed my mind and am not going. 5) 1Vhen used in the subj. and followed by another verb in the subj. mala introduces a climax. Ya- seerera bw'ati n'agwa amale amenyeke amagulu. He skidded like this and fell and ended up by breaking his leg. 6) Note the uses o/olumala and olwamala: Olumala okukola genda eka. When you finish (after finishing) work, go home. Olwamala okukola ne nnenda eka. After finishing work I went home.

o- (mu/ba) drunkard. Omutamiivu tabaaga mbwa. (prov.) A drunkard does not kill a dog (thus violating a taboo). Even a drunkard has moments of lucidity and truth, cf. tamiira.

o- also munnyo, o- (mu/mi) salt, omunnyu ogw'ensero, salt which is white and crumbly, omunnyu mawewule, salt which is very fine and white, omunnyu kabumba, brownish salt, omunnyu gw'olu- kalabule, salt which has a very strong taste, omunnyu gwa magadi, salt which occurs in large chunks, omunnyu gwa kisula, salt characterized by fairly large lumps. Omunnyu gwa biswazzi. The salt is insufficient. There is not enough salt. cf. olunnyu, olunnyunnyu, otunnyu.

omusuusi, omusuutwa.

okwetujja ekigwo, to fall very heavily (often, but not always,..of wrestling). Yali adduka ne yetujja ennume y'ekigwo. He was running and fell with a tremendous thud.

e.g., yera, sweep (imperative); okwera, to sweep (infinitive). Verbs of this type are listed under y- rather than e-. Reflexive verbs with the initial e- are listed immediately under their non-reflexive counterparts: esamba, kick oneself, is contained in the entry for samba, kick. Reflexive verbs which do not have non-reflexive counterparts are alphabetized on the basis of their second letter: -ebaka, sleep, is listed under b.

-taano numeral stem five. Initial modifications are made according to the class of the noun to which the numeral refers. Note that ttaano is used in counting (one, two, three, etc.) as well as with nouns of the lu/n and n/n classes. Under certain circumstances (for which see the grammars) amakumi ataano, 50, is abbreviated to ataano. cf. okutaano, Olwokutaano.

smooth; calm. Gundi oyo omutwe gwe gulinga ogutali mutereevu. So- and-so acts as if he is not quite levelheaded/as if he is mentally unbalanced, cf. tereera.

-nga 1) suffixed to the imperative or simple past indicates renetitive or habitual action. Temugabanga bitali byammwe. Never give away what is not yours. Nga mukyali bato, mwalwananga awatali nsonga. When you were young, you used to fight without reason. 2) suffixed to -li (be) it expresses probability and may be followed by any tense. Alinga alima. He seems to be cultivating. Enkuba eringa eneetonnya. It looks like rain, lit. the rain is like it will fall. Note that alinga nga is often pronounced and written alinna nga. Nninnanga ali mu kirooto. I am just like one who is in a dream. (E.O.A.)

-biri numeral stem two. Initial modifications are made ac cording to the class of the noun to which the numeral refers. Note that bbiri is used in counting (one, two, three, etc.) as well as with nouns of the lu/n and n/n classes. Under certain circumstanc es (for which see the grammars) amakumi abiri, 20, is abbreviated to abiri. olw'ebbiri, at another time, on another occasion (olwa implies lunaku, day). Ensi emutaddeko abiri. He is the object of public attention, lit. The country has put two (amaaso, eyes, implied) on him. -biri -biri, two by two, two each. Baatambula babiribabiri. They walked two by two. Yatuwa ebitabo bibiri bibiri. He gave us two books each. cf. bbiri, okubiri, Olwokubiri, -mbi(riri).