okwogera, okwatula, okutegeeza.

carelessness, inevitability (in the sense of being obliged to do what one does not want to do) and even sheer exasperation. Tumaze ga- gendayo. We sent there just for the sake of going. Mumale gaddamu, temulowooza. Just give an answer, don't think about it first. Mala gakola. Just go ahead and do it. Don't spend too much time on it. Among the younger generation there is a tendency to drop the verbal stem which normally follows ga-. The meaning is implied from context, e.g., Twamala ga-. We simply went there (or simply did something else, dep ending on previous context).

vide sad, pleasant,

mbadde) v.i. be. In certain tenses ba is replaced by -li, Both may be used as primary verbs or as auxiliaries in compound tenses. bwe tuba mu ssomero, when we are in school. Yabadde anzise. He nearly killed me. Tuli mu kisenge. We are in the room. Twali tuli mu kisenge. We were in the room, ba and -li may be followed by na (-na in the case of -li) to express possession. Tulina ensimbi. We have money. Twabadde n'ensimbi. We had money.

pity, compassion. I am sorry! the poor fellow! the poor woman!

dig up (e.g., potatoes, plants with deep roots, etc.); fig. view with contempt, shrug one's shoulders at (as an expression of contempt).

unconfined (of an animal); free, having no commitments (of a person); on the loose, at large (of a criminal); free, offering freedom of movement and expression (of a country), okulya obutaala, to be untethered/free, etc. Omubbi akyalya butaala. The thief is still at large.

prep, of agent not expressed.

e- plur. amalimbwe (li/ma) excrement of birds (in larger amounts than is expressed by kaiimbwe, q.v.).

ebbanga; also expressed by wala.

become bad (with obudde, expressed or implied, as subject). Obudde bugayegga- ye. The situation has become worse.

nnenze) v.i. go, go away; relieve oneself, ‘go.' Before a following infinitive it expresses future time. Tugenda kugenda. We are going to go. oku- lugenda, euph. to die, lit. to go on the journey (olugendo is implied by -lu-). Mu- naffe alugenze. Our friend is dead.

reach a high point of intensity; be involved/ complicated (referring to a situation, either in a favorable or unfavorable sense). Gu- jabagidde: ng'omunafu azadde kaiiira. iii (low high low) interj. expressing surprise and flat contradiction I just don't believe you. (prov.) It is complicated affair, just as when a lazy cultivator gives birth to a heavy eater.

feel and express joyfulness. cf. sagambiza.

project (of eyes); be or become wide open (of eyes, expressing rage, fright, etc.); be on the point of death (suggested by the action of the eyes); be overwhelmed; go up (of prices), amaaso, eyes is frequently used in association with kanuka and kanula. Akanuse amaaso. His eyes are open (with rage, etc.).

e- (ki/bi) grimace, facial expression of disgust. Ebikongoolo tebitta nnume. (prov.) lit. Grimaces do not kill a bull. Sticks and stones can break my bones but names can never hurt me. cf. kongoola.

e- (ki/bi) expression of appreciation to one who has cooked a good meal (e.g., by loosening one's belt), cf. teewuluza.

e- (ki/bi) lit. that which is feared, honor, glory; prestige, dignity; respect; reverence; pomp. None of the preceding equivalents expresses the full meaning of kitiibwa which is perhaps the greatest ideal and the most sought after attribute of the Baganda. It has an importune e comparable to that of ‘face' in the Orient, kufa kitiibwa, to feel shame/be ashamed (because of the actions or speech of another). cf. tya.

e- (ki/bi) whistling sound expressing surprise. Yafuuwa ekiwa. He whistled in surprise, cf. oluwa.

left (as opposed to right); left hand; left side; the (political) left. omukono ogwa kkono, the left hand. Wa kkono. He is left-handed, obukiika obwa kkono, north, kugwa kkono, to miss, miss out on. Kyangwa kkono. I missed it. It escaped me. Yangwa kkono. I missed him (i.e., he wasn't there when I arrived) or I was never successful in my dealings with him. See ddyo.

do to a high degree (used in association with a previous verb. Often rendered in English by very much or a similar adverbial phrase.) Yeebaza n'akokkwa. He expressed very profuse thanks.

to; at; among (of place, time and other relationships), ku mmeeza, on the table, ku lunaku luno, on this day. to express the partitive okulya emmere, to eat food; okulya ku mmere, to eat some food/ some of the food, ku lwa (before an infinitive), because of, on account of. Ku Iw'oku- beera omulwadde teyajja. Because he was sick (= because of being sick) he did not come, ku lwa (before a substantive), on behalf of. ku lwange, on my behalf, ku lwa Gavumenti, on behalf of the Government. Ali ku bwa Katonda. He is very seriously ill, lit. he is in the (obuyinza, power, implied) of God. Nze siri ku muntu ayagala okunywa omwenge. I do not care for a person who likes to drink beer. In form and function ku is related to the enclitic -ko, q. v.

bend to the side, okukubiira ensingo, to turn one's neck to the side (to express unhappiness, disapproval or irritation).

erimu: ow'erimu, a person with one (eye, eriiso is implied), ow'erimu atemye ku w'abiri, the one with one eye has winked at the one with two (a common expression to signify that an event or incident is of great interest, surprising, fascinating, etc.).

ndozze) v.tr. tell, recount, narrate, okulojja omukwano, to declare/express one's love. Kye nnalaba mu ... ndi fa nkirojja. What I saw in ... I will remember as long as I live, lit. I will die recounting it. Amulojja temumala. He is really amazed at him (in either a good or bad sense). Buli omu alulojja bubwe. Everyone tells it/describes it from his own point of view (said when different people give different reports of the same incident).

maama omuto, aunt, mother's sister, interj. expressing surprise or enthusiasm my goodness! gee! boy! Maama ng'olabye! Gee, I am sorry about what has happened to you! Note also that a mother may address her daughter as maama wange, my mother.

a- lit. in a manner expressing cessation of rebellion or opposition. Yaseka busesi majeemulukufu. He just laughed sheepishly (indicating that he had been bested), cf. jeema and its conv. jeemulukuka.

complete; use up, consume; spend (time); satisfy, be sufficient for. v.i. suffice, be sufficient; be adequate; be enough. As an auxiliary verb mala has the following uses (adapted from Ashton's Luganda Grammar): 1) To denote completed action mala is followed by the main verb in the inf. Twamaze okusamba omupiira ng'obudde buzibye. We finished playing ball by the end of the day. 2) Followed by an inf. without the I.V., mala stresses the completion of an action before another action begins. Onoomala kuleeta mazzi. You will first bring water. 3) Followed by ga- and a verbal stem, mala expresses inevitability, obligation or simple carelessness. Tumaze gagendayo. We simply had to go there. Bamala gakomaga mbugo zityo. They just beat out the bark in any old way. 4) Followed by the neg. of the ne tense, mala indicates a reversal of decision.

e- (n/n) described in previous dictionaries as: sternum, sternal cartilage; pit of the stomach; internal bodily part. It is now used almost always in a figurative sense: heart, soul, seat of the emotions. It occurs in hundreds of phrases and expressions of which the following is a sampling: mu ngeri ya kawanika mmeeme, in a frightening way. kwekuba mmeeme, to reconsider, emmeeme n'enfa, and my heart sank/I was utterly distressed. Nze emmeeme yangwa wala. I became very depressed. Otukubye wala emmeeme. You have really given us a scare. Emmeeme yamudda mu nteeko. He felt relieved, lit. his heart went back in place, ow'emmeeme etawaana amangu, one who is easily nauseated. Emmeeme entye- muse. 1 am terribly anxious/concerned/ shocked. Kino kyali ng'ekyawanula emmeeme ye. This seemed to relieve him/ calm him down. Emmeeme katale, ky'esiima ky'egula. (prov.) The heart is like going to market — it buys what it wants. Emmeeme gy'esula, ebigere gye bikeera. fprov.J Where the heart sleeps is where the feet- go in the morning, i.e., when you sleep with the intention of doing something, that is what you do. Emmeeme etefumba kigambo ekwo- geza munno ky'atagenda kwerabira. (prov.) lit. The heart which does not fashion well the spoken word makes you say what your friend will never forget. The spoken word can never be retracted.

with (denoting instrument or association), adv. also, too. na is also regularly suffixed to -ii, is, are, io express possession. Alina ensimbi. He has money, na sometimes alternates with ne (q.v.). When na means with it is replaced by ne if the verb is positive. Genda ne Kapere. Go with K. Togenda na Kapere. Do not go with K. The disjunctive pronouns are regularly suffixed to na. nange, and I, I also, naawe (2nd. sing.), naye (3rd sing.), naffe (1st plur.), nammwe (2nd plur.), nabo (3rd plur.).

wear (shoes, rings, bracelets, etc.) Bakanaanise akaagala. They have put a bracelet (aka- komo is implied by -ka-) on one who wants it. The expression is used when a person is told to do what he wants to do or would do anvwav.

e- (n/n) pronunciation; way of uttering/expressing; with cap. the official prayer book of the Church of Uganda. cf. yatula.

c- (u/'n) armpit. mu nkwawa, under the arm. okukuba enkwawa, to express joy or pleasure by beating one's sides with the upper parts of one's arms, okubeera mu nkwawa za..., to be completely under the domination of..., to be a stooge of... oku- yita mu nkwawa, to disappear, slip away.

e-: (emmere) ennimire, (food) cultivated by (others). Olya nnimire. You eat food cultivated by others (a very insulting expression, implying that the wife to whom it is addressed is lazy and cannot grow her own food), cf. lima, limira.

e- (n/n) a number (of units) less than ten; excess, some in addition (with the number not explicitly expressed). With the -a of rel. some odd, some in excess of, some few. ssiringi ttano ne ssente ez'en- susuuba, five shillings and some odd cents. Abaana ababaddeyo baabadde mu nsusuuba. The children who were there were less than ten. cf. suusuuba.

e- (n/n) way of looking; look, expression; appearance, entunula y'omuntu, the way a person looks, the expression/ the look on a person's face. cf. tunula.

charcoal. Formerly a title of the kabaka. It is used in the expression Ssemanda, agamenya em- bazzi n'okugiyunga, charcoal, that which (can) break an ax and weld it together, i.e., the all-powerful.

float around; swav from to side- move cibcut c-im lessly. Yabotola ekyali kinteeyenga ku mwoyo. He expressed openly what I had been thinking about, lit. what had been floating in my soul.

conj. not expressed.

expressing anger), cf. twakaala, twa twa twa.

more frequently vulumula (-vulumudde) v.tr. okuvulumula amaaso, to open the eyes wide and move the pupils about rapidly as an expression of anger, okuvulumula emmotoka, to drive a car at great speed.

to express care/concern/sympathy for. Ku kyalo tewali yaŋŋambako nti wo wayi. In the village there was no one who expressed any concern for me (e.g., when I suffered a misfortune).

oh dear. cf. wowoggana.

mpuunuunye) v.i, groan, moan; make indistinct sounds, mumble, v.tr. admire, express one's admiration of (originally by murmuring appreciatively).

become known; be expressed; be pronounced; become audible. Amaloboozi gaabwe tegaa- tuka. Their voices were not audible/distinct. okwatuka inf.

njatudde) v.tr. utter, express; reveal, declare, make public; pronounce; recognize, identify.

etc., declare openly to. Akwatulira akira akugeya. (prov.) Me who tells you to your face is better than he. who slanders you behind your back.

etc.

v.tr. be amazed at (esp. in a negative way); be disgusted with; express one's amazement at.

v.i. & tr. appl. 2 caus. make repeated exclamations of astonishment; express amazement (at); marvel (at); admire.

ideo. expressing sudden noise. It is usually preceded by be. Yamukuba oluyi be ppa! He gave him a resounding slap.

(in certain cases) maternal aunt. The forms are: mmange or nnyabo, nnyoko, nnyina, nnyaffe, nnyammwe, nnyaabwe (my mother, your mother, his/her mother, etc.). Note that nnyabo is also used: 1) as a term of address for a woman: Miss, Mrs, madame and 2) as an interj. expressing sympathy or pity: oh dear! Note that nnyoko, your (sing.) mother is sometimes used in a bad sense. It may be replaced by mukyala.

interj. expressing surprise or admis sion of being in the wrong.

be ccwa ideo. expressing the sound of cutting or rustling movements.

omwoyo or omutima (sometimes implied but not expressed); the personal object corresponds to the English subject, ne gunceekeera buto, and 1 started to worry again/become scared again.

ideo. expressing intense thickness or darkness. Obudde bu- kutte be ppoppoppo. It has become completely dark.

ppu ideo. expressing sudden or jerky motion.

ppwa ideo. expressing the sound of clapping or of something falling.

sympathy or surprise, or simply to fill a gap in the conversation, my, oh my! say! I'm telling you, you can bet your life! Oyogedde wamma! You said it!

chance upon. Yajjirira kutuyamba. He came expressly to help us.

interj. expressing strong emotion oh!

oku- tunula ku —, to face, face towards; look towards. kutunula muntu mu mutwe (or mu nviiri), to look down on a person, to be indifferent towards a person, lit. look at a person in the head (or hair). Ennyumba zitunula ku luguudo. The houses face the street. Yatunula ng'amazeewo. He stood looking with a vacant/blank expression on his face. Obudde butunula. It is dawn. It is twilight.

bungle (a piece of work), okukubirira emimiro, to make a clicking sound in the throat (to express disappointment or an unpleasant surprise). Ekyazze, okubirira kijja. (prov.) lit. (The animal, ekisolo implied) which has come, it comes (although) you try to drive it away. One cannot alter destiny.

interj. expressing agreement or a reply to a greeting.

ideo. expressing intense darkness of the sky

okutuusa omulimu, to do/ finish a job well/properly. Nnatuusibwa mu ddwaliro. I was taken to the hospital. Njagala okutuusa okusiima kwange eri... I wish to express my appreciation to... Otuusizza okuzimba? Are you ready to build? Have you gotten to the point where you have decided to build? Olituusa wa okwerabiranga? How long are you going to keep forgetting?

denial or futility. Go on! Nnagezaako okumwega- yirira naye nno nga wa! I tried to implore him but in vain!

as an interj. (to attract attention) you there! (to express surprise or impatience) for goodness sake, my word, gracious, cf. -affe.

as an interj. (to attract attention) you there! (to express surprise or impatience) for goodness sake, my word, gracious, cf. -ange, owange.

kkwa (bekkwa) ideo. expressing the sound of a blow. Omusajja yamukubye ennume y'ekigwo be kkwa. The man gave him a terrific blow (in wrestling).