gumu, kakanyavu, kalubo, kakafu, kakummemme; vide kali bobbo. h. luck! int., manti! be h., okukakanyala, okukaluba. be h. for, okukaluubirira. harden, okukakanyaza, okugumya.

a mwoyo mukakanyavu.

obugumu, obuvumu.

use wasigadde (or waasigala) katono.

obukakanyavu, obukalubo.

obubi, ennaku.

gumu, a maanyi.

e- (1 i/ma) place of the lost, place from which there is no return. Ensi eno mabuliro. The world is a desolate place. It is a hard world, cf. bula.

e- plur. (ki/bi) dried plantains when cooked, esp. beer bananas (mbidde) and hard bananas (gonja).

okussa omukka; b. hard, okuweevuuma, okuwejjawejja, okuteetera; b. irregularly, okuwookeera.

o- (bu/-) darkness; hardship, pressure, difficulty; uncertainty, cf. guba.

o- (bu/-) hardness; state of not being well done (of cooked food, meat); difficulty; fig. obstinacy, stubbornness. cf. kaluba, -kalubo.

toil, exert oneself; bother, trouble oneself.

trouble oneself over.

e- no plur. (li/ma) jealousy, rancor, hard feelings.

e- (li/ma) small lump of earth, broken-up piece of hard soil.

be, okwetunda, okw eyinula, okwewanga.

work hard; try hard, make a great effort.

keep working hard.

Work hard (with frequency or intensity).

okujjirwa obuzibu obuta- gendeka, to be faced with insurmountable difficulties.

e- (li/ma) bone, okusimba eggumba egganda, to walk. 01 uvannyuma lw'okuki- gaayagaaya baakizuula mpozzi nga kirimu eggumba. After thinking it over they realized that it might just be true, lit. after chewing it they found that perhaps it had a bone inside, okuggwa ku magumba, to lose weight, become all skin and bones, oku- tunguka ku magumba, to cook thoroughly (of meat). Ebigezo bino birimu eggumba. These examinations are quite difficult, lit. have some bone in them. Kirimu eggumba okugamba nti... It is difficult to maintain that. It is hard to say that. lit. There is a bone in saying that... Omwavu lw'alya ennyama amagumba asansa masanse. (prov.) When a poor man eats meat, he scatters the bones around (to impress others ).

a- (ka/bu) kind of wild plant/weed, kukooza kagiri (often with the subject ennaku), to cause to suffer greatly, lit. cause to pluck off kagiri. Yankooza kagiri. He made me suffer greatly. Ennaku y'ensi ebakooza kagiri. They are having very hard times.

make stiff; fig. kill; make obstinate; cause to be rebellious, kukakanyaza muntu, to kill a person; to question a person with the intent of trapping him.

carry out, undertake; continue doing, carry on with (an activity), kukakkalabya mirimu, to do one's work/duties, kukakkalabya mboozi, to carry on a conversation, kukakkalabya musomo, to work hard on one's studies.

a- (ka/bu) small hard lump on the skin; wart; com on the toe.

adj. hard; firm, solid; compact, thick, dense. Alina enviiri ez'akaku- memme. He has very thick hair.

keep (workers) at \vork; urge on; be hard on; keep pounding (a drum), cf. enkalaabirizi.

dry up; harden; fig. be bold/ daring; be cunning/clever; speak out boldly/ clearly.

dry up; harden; inure, okukalangula ebigambo, to speak firmly and with assurance.

a- (ka/bu) with the -a of rel. (something) hard/durable, akalibobbo k'essanduuko, a heavy, durable box.

etc.; stress, emphasize, be firm about; affirm confidently, assert; be hard on, put pressure on. okukaliriza amaaso, to look intently, okukaliriza amatu, to listen intently, okukaliriza olutalo, to prolong a battle.

etc. cf. -kalubo, obukalubo.

be troubled; be hard up.

a- (ka/bu) mouth, kamwa koogera or nze kamwa koogera, I the speaker, I myself, kuta kamwa, to be quarrelsome. Mba sinnaggya bigambo mu kamwa emmotoka n'egwa. I hardly got the words out of my mouth when the car turned over. Tonjasa- miza akamwa! Shut up! (See yasama.) cf. omumwa.

of the skin). Baagenze okuntuukako nga amaaso gankapye. By the time they reached me 1 was completely bewildered/confused.

a- (ka/bu) hard work; intensive struggle, cf. siitaana.

a- (ka/bu) (the act of) working hard; trudging to and fro, bustling about.

a- (ka/bu) kind of wild gourd. It is inedible and characterized by extreme hardness.

with the -a of rel. -a kawammansi, hard to obtain, difficult to get. cf. wammanta.

o- (ka/bu) fontanel, top of the head, part of the head which is soft in early childhood but becomes hard with maturity.

a- (ka/bu) evening, (la) kind of sweet potato, rather hard and with a dark red color, cf. wungeera.

cause to dry; make firm; fig. make certain of; confirm, affirm; know well; pronounce well; name, nickname, dub. okukaza amaaso, to harden one's gaze; to be watchful, okukaza ekkubo, lit. to dry a path, i.e., to frequent, habituate. Omusajja oyo eya- kazibwako erya Kapere, this man who was nicknamed (erya implies erinnya, name) Kapere. Oluganda alinga alukazizza. He seems to have learned Luganda very well. Omwezi gukazizza bulungi. The moon is shining brightly.

try hard.

cut down; snap in two; bite off (esp. someti. tg hard and brittle).

e- (ki/bi) kind of very hard yam.

e- with the -a of rel. hard, solid (e.g., of potatoes).

e- (ki/bi) bad luck, bit of hard luck. Leka kutuleetera kikwa. Don't bring us bad luck.

e- adv. okutunula ekimaka, to stare hard/fixedly.

e- (ki/bi) thick/coagulated mass; crust; scab, with the -a of rel. thick, hard.

e- (ki/bi) hole/bump in a road; fig. hardship, cf. sirikka, akasirikko.

e- (li/ma) kind of shrub with hard wood. cf. olukandwa.

toil, labor; tire oneself.

etc.

etc.; take, grasp with/by means of; hand over; trap (an animal); fasten; cause to freeze/curdle, etc. ku- kwasa ensonyi, to shame, put to shame, kukwasa muntu, to catch a person (e.g., in the act of theft); to get hold of a person (who is hard to contact).

-kwasi, -kwate, obukwafu, obukwata, ekikwasi, ekikwaso, ekikwate, ekyekwaso, omukwasi, -Unkwaso, enkwata.

ndabye) v.tr. see; perceive; find; get; greet, v.i. be conscious; be alive; be awake; be alert/perceptive, kulaba nnaku, to suffer greatly, experience hardships, kulaba binene to experience major troubles/difficulties, butaiaba muntu, to be proudly contemptuous of someone. kutuuka walaba, to attain a high station, get oneself in the limelight, kwessa

ndafuubanye) v.i. work hard, struggle intensively, put forth great efforts (in the achievement of an objective) .

v., okulaba, okutunula. l. after, okulabirira. l. closely, okwekkaanya, okubeera. l. for, okunoonya, okwaza. l. hard, okwekaliriza amaaso, l. askance, okutunula ekiyumba. l. about, okumagamaga. l. down, okussa amaaso, okuwomba amaaso, okugenekera enkowe.

be easy to bite. Ennyama terumika. The meat is difficult to bite/is hard to bite into. cf. obulumi, obulumiriza, omulumyo, nnadduma.

o- (lu/n) kind of hardwood tree with large yellow flowers, Markhamia platycalyx. The wood is durable and is used for making hut poles and furniture.

o- (lu/n) more commonly omusiiti, q.v. kind of shrub which bears hard red seeds (nsiiti). cf. lsiita, ensiiti.

nduubiridde) v.tr. strive, try hard, exert oneself.

o- with the -a of rel. hard, unbending, exacting (of persons), omuntu ow'olu- wazo, a hard exacting person, kukwasa luwazo, to rule harshly/with an iron hand.

o- (lu/n) panting, puffing, hard breathing, cf. wejjawejja.

a-: from linnya, ascend, q.v. Used in the phrase: Olabye malinnya amakka ga- naabula. You have managed to climb up, but you will have a hard time coming down. It is easier to get into trouble than to get out of it.

e- (n/n) flintiness, hardness.

e- with the -a of rel. tough, aggressive, indomitable, hard-boiled.

African blackwood or African ebony, Dalbergia melanoxylon.

there is hardly any (in there), mpaawo, there is npne (here, there), mpaayo, there is none (there). Mpaawo atalifa. There is no one who will not die.