okuwa, okusasula; (translate) okukyusa.

for which see the grammars. The following usages are important for lexical purposes because the derivatives formed cannot all be included in the dictionary. 1) bu + la ~ negative infinitive, often equivalent to an English noun which is not an infinitive in form. okumanya, to know; obutamanya, not to know; ingnorance. 2) bu + stem of a noun from another class often produc es an adverb which must be rendered by a phrase in English, enkofu, guinea fowl; bukofu, like a guinea fowl, kukaabya bukofu, to make cry like a guinea fowl, i.e., to cause to suffer. 3) bu + reduplicated stem of a noun of another class indicates plurality with the added notions of indefiniteness, scattered state or even contemp t. essomero, school; obusomerosomero, small, scattered schools which are inferior in quality. 4) normal verb form + bu + verb stem + i. Abalala bagamba nti... others say that; Abalala bagamba bugambi nti... others just/ simply/only say that.

do to a high degree (used in association with a previous verb. Often rendered in English by very much or a similar adverbial phrase.) Yeebaza n'akokkwa. He expressed very profuse thanks.

indeed, truly; very. Weebale nnyo nnyini. Thank you very much indeed. Mugezi nnyini. He is really/truly very clever, nnyini when used to reinforce a noun is often rendered -self (-selves) or very. Njagala okulaba omwami ye nnyini. I want to seek the chief himself, olunaku olwo lwennyini, that very day.

adj. Sc pron. with sing, nouns of the mu/ba and la classes that; that person. Sometimes rendered: someone, somebody, a person, cf. oyo, ono.

render numb. cf. obusannyalaze, amasannyalaze.

render silent.

v., okujeemulukuka.

also tuusiza (-tuusizza) lit. cause to arrive for, etc. (but usually rendered otherwise in translation). Ontuukiza ebbaluwa eno ew'omwami. Make sure you get this letter to the chief for me. Ebintu bye yabituukiza wano. He brought his things here first. Bwe nnatuukayo yantuukiza mu nsonga. When I arrived there he went straight to the point without any preliminaries.

waabommwe, waaboobwe These constructions, usually following a personal noun such as mwana, are composed of the -a of rel. + -bo- + a plur. pron. They are best rendered of (our, your, their) family/ household/clan. Ono ani? Mwana waaboffe. Who is this? He is one of our family, cf. boowo.

mpanise) v.tr. hang; hang up; raise; hoist, okuwanika emikono, to raise the hands, to surrender, okuwanika omuwendo, to raise the price, okuwanika omutima gwa..., lit. to raise the heart of, i.e., to worry, ekintu ekiwanise emitima ky'abantu, the thing which has worried the people. Atuwanikako bulala empale. He is very proud in his dealings with us.

cause to be difficult. cf. -zibu.

v.tr. caus. make miserable; render destitute; mistreat. cf. ejjeeza.

v.tr. caus. cause to faint; render unconscious; bring to a state near death.

formative of place + -li, is/are) lit. where there is/are. This functions as a preposition rendered variously as to, towards, from. Genda eri Mukasa. Go to Mukasa (or Mukasa's). Ava eri omwami. He is coming from the chief, cf. -li.

v.tr. appl. caus. judge/deem/think worthy of; make/render worthy of; wish (something) for (someone).

adv. almost. (The verb in a clause containing kata is in the subjunctive. This is usually rendered by an English past tense. Ensonyi kata zibatte. They almost died of shame, lit. shame almost killed them. See katono.

(low tone) particle used: 1) as the introductory element in the second of two closely related clauses. The corresponding English may be a verbal participle; in other cases nga may be rendered how, how much. Mbalaba nga batambula mu kkubo. I see them walking in the road. Bwe yalaba ng'akooye n'asaba okuwummula. When he saw how tired he was, he asked to rest. 2) as the equivalent of the English conjunction if. Nga tebatuuse ku ssaawa bbiri, tobalindirira. If they have not arrived by eight o'clock, do not wait for them. 3) as the equivalent of the English conjunction when. Ng'otuuse obandabiranga. When you arrive give them my regards. 4) in conjunction with bwe, meaning while, as. Tunyumye nga bwe tuwaata. Let us converse as/while we are peeling. 5) as the introductory element in a ‘not yet' clause (= neg. + -nna-). Toweereza bbaluwa ezo nga sinnakugamba. Do not send off the letters before I tell you. 6) as an untranslatable element in some compound tenses. Babadde nga bayimba we nnagendeddeyo. They were singing when I went there. (E.O.A.)

emphasize; corroborate; do to an extreme degree, n'aggumiza nti, and he emphasized that. Ekifaananyi kyandinnyambye okuggumiza amazima gange. The picture would help me corroborate the truth of my statement. Yazinye n'okuggumiza n'aggumiza. She danced and danced. cf. -ggumivu, omuggumiro.

nga bwe is usually rendered as. Nga bwe batali wano, sirowooza nit tukyabalabye. As they are not here, I do not think we are likely to see them, ne bwe = although, even if. Sandi- genze Entebbe omwami ne bwe yandintu- myeyo. 1 would not have gone to Entebbe even if the master had sent me. bwe -ti, like this; bwe -tyo, like that. Kibuuka bwe kiti. It jumps like this. Toyogera bw'otyo. Don't talk like that. The rel. adv. bwe must not be confused with the copula bwe, is/are; the poss. adj. bwe his/her; or the rel. pron. bwe which. The last three are used only in association with nouns whose class prefix is bu-.

has the following auxiliary functions: 1) kye + va (with the appropriate personal and tense prefixes) + a primary verb express an action or state resulting from a cause (rendered in English by therefore, that is why, that is the reason). Kitange mu- lwadde, kye nva sigenda kulima. My father is ill; that is why I do not go to cultivate. 2) Before the infinitive of another verb va may express recently completed action. Tuva kulima. We have just come from digging. Nva kulya. I have just eaten. 3) The infinitive okuva is equivalent to the English prep, from (referring to either time or space), okuva leero okutuuka mu mwezi ogujja, from today until next month, okuva e Mombasa okutunka e Nairobi, from Mombasa to Nairobi. va is frequently used with enclitics (-wo,

devote oneself (to); expose oneself (to); surrender oneself (to); sacrifice oneself (to); be proud/pompous/showy. Omwami oyo yeewa. That chief has a high opinion of himself. to go over (a hill); cause to overcome/surmount (an obstacle, difficulty). cf. emivvuunuko, enzivuunuko.

-tya = -ti + a. -ti is a defective verb uninflected for tense but with the sub. prefixes. -tya is rendered how? in what manner? Bayimba batya? How do they sing? Kiri kitya? How is it? cf. ^-ti, -tyo.

like this, thus (in the manner already mentioned), -tyo is often preceded by bwe. Ekikere kibuuka (bwe) kityo. The frog jumps like that (as I have already told you), -tyo -tyo, not very well, so-so. Baali bayisibwa batyo batyo. They were not treated very well. cf. otyo, 1-ti, -tya.