v., okuziyiza.

enduli; (of plantain) omugogo; (of mushroom) enkonda; (of flowers, etc.) ekiti; (of maize) ekisoolisooli.

e- (li/ma) hollow-stemmed perennial mountain bamboo, Arundinaria alpina. It is black in color as opposed to nkaawo which is yellow.

for which see the grammars. The following usages are important for lexical purposes because the derivatives formed cannot all be included in the dictionary. 1) bu + la ~ negative infinitive, often equivalent to an English noun which is not an infinitive in form. okumanya, to know; obutamanya, not to know; ingnorance. 2) bu + stem of a noun from another class often produc es an adverb which must be rendered by a phrase in English, enkofu, guinea fowl; bukofu, like a guinea fowl, kukaabya bukofu, to make cry like a guinea fowl, i.e., to cause to suffer. 3) bu + reduplicated stem of a noun of another class indicates plurality with the added notions of indefiniteness, scattered state or even contemp t. essomero, school; obusomerosomero, small, scattered schools which are inferior in quality. 4) normal verb form + bu + verb stem + i. Abalala bagamba nti... others say that; Abalala bagamba bugambi nti... others just/ simply/only say that.

o- (bu/-) temperateness; temperance; abstemiousness; restraint, self-control, cf. tangira, -etangira.

carelessness, inevitability (in the sense of being obliged to do what one does not want to do) and even sheer exasperation. Tumaze ga- gendayo. We sent there just for the sake of going. Mumale gaddamu, temulowooza. Just give an answer, don't think about it first. Mala gakola. Just go ahead and do it. Don't spend too much time on it. Among the younger generation there is a tendency to drop the verbal stem which normally follows ga-. The meaning is implied from context, e.g., Twamala ga-. We simply went there (or simply did something else, dep ending on previous context).

unclog (a tube or a pipe stem).

a- (ka/bu) small stump/stem (of a tree, plant), cf. enduli.

a- (ka/bu) dry nodal stem of tteete grass, in the plur. buseekende, bunch of dry stems/straw (of a very inflammable nature).

e- (ki/bi) type of basket made of papyrus, palm leaves or osiers and lined with the stems of plantain leaves, in the plur. baskets; food, meal, okuba mu bibbo, to be eating. Atulinnyidde mu bibbo. He has interrupted our meal/eating, cf. akabbo, olubbobbo, enzibo.

e- (ki/bi) stem of a bunch of plantains.

e- (ki/bi) large umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum grantii) from which nseke (straws, pipestems, etc.) are made. cf. oluseke.

e- (ki/bi) piece of plantain stem used as a sponge; beer drunk after a burial. cf. essuumwa.

e- (ki/bi) root of plantain after the stem has been cut off; stump of a plantain. cf. omuteteme.

e- (ki/bi) hollow stem; empty shell/container. Tewali linnya Gganda eriri awo nga kiwawangulo oba ekisusunku ekyereere. There is no Kiganda name which is without significance or history, lit. an empty container or shell.

e- (ki/bi) stem, rear end of a ship or boat.

e- (ki/bi) kind of shrub growing in water. The stems float and are used for spearing lungfish.

o- (lu/n) pipe-stem euphorbia tree; colloq. milk. Yatuwa caayi ng'alimu n'olukoni. He gave us tea with milk. cf. enkoni.

o- (lu/n) kind of plant with a hollow stem which is used for making tubes for drinking.

o- (lu/n) tube; stem (of a pipe); straw (for drinking), kugguka nga luseke, to arrive unexpectedly/by surprise, cf. ekisekeseke.

o- (lu/n) stem of leaf of basket wattle (jjerengesa) used for making fish traps.

o- plur. enjaliiro (lu/n) banana leaf in which bananas are wrapped before cooking; strips of banana stems laid in the area where bananas are crushed into juice. cf. 2yala, yaliira.

complete; use up, consume; spend (time); satisfy, be sufficient for. v.i. suffice, be sufficient; be adequate; be enough. As an auxiliary verb mala has the following uses (adapted from Ashton's Luganda Grammar): 1) To denote completed action mala is followed by the main verb in the inf. Twamaze okusamba omupiira ng'obudde buzibye. We finished playing ball by the end of the day. 2) Followed by an inf. without the I.V., mala stresses the completion of an action before another action begins. Onoomala kuleeta mazzi. You will first bring water. 3) Followed by ga- and a verbal stem, mala expresses inevitability, obligation or simple carelessness. Tumaze gagendayo. We simply had to go there. Bamala gakomaga mbugo zityo. They just beat out the bark in any old way. 4) Followed by the neg. of the ne tense, mala indicates a reversal of decision.

e- also occurs as mailo (n/n) special category of landed property. (The mailo system, providing for the confirmation of ownership and allotment of land, was devised at the beginning of the century), omu- kubi wa mmayiro, surveyor, okukuba emma- yiro, to survey, contr. mayiro.

e- (stem-bindi) (n/h) pipe ( for smoking), bukya luba nga luba lwa mmindi, for a very long time, kwogera bikulire nga mmindi, to speak with the wisdom of experience. Omwenge oguli eri n'ow'emmindi asena. There is a tremendous quantity of beer over there, lit. the one with a pipe draws (some). Tolikula olibnmba mmindi/ You are not going to grow up molding pipes, i.e., are you going to behave like a child all your life? cf. akabindi, ekibindi, olubindi.

e- (stem -bundu) (n/n) gun, rifle, okukuba emmundu, to fire a gun. cf. aka- bundu, eki bundu.

e- (n/n) bananas/plantains which have been broken off of the bunch; small bunch of bananas/plantains which have been separated from the main stem; portion of a kiwagu, q.v. cf. waguka.

o- (mu/mi) kind of tall forest tree, Tylostemon ugandensis.

e- (n/n) stump; trunk; stem, enduli y'etti, the trunk of a large tree, enduli y'omusajja, a big, strapping man. cf. ebiruliruli, akaluli, ekiruli.

e- (n/n) way of ruling, way of governing; rule, government, enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu, one-party rule, eby'enfuga, governmental matters, enkola yaffe ey'eby'enfuga, our system of government, cf. fuga.

e- (n/n) way of acting/doing; method, practice; way of working; policy; system; brand, make, ennvonyi y'enkola y'Eki- russia, an airplane of Russian make, okuteeka (or okussa) mu nkola, to put into effect, put into operation, cf. kola.

e- (n/n) handle of a ladle; stem of a mushroom, cf. omukonda.

e- (n/n) decayed pith of a plantain stem. Tonkuba nkondwe ku maaso. Don't lie to me/deceive me.

e- (n/n) kind of tree, pipe-stem euphorbia, from which is obtained a sticky sap said to be useful in healing warts (nsundo).

kasimbe- nkokola. (la) mantis; plant with the nodal stem growing in a crooked way as though it had elbows (nkokola). cf. olukokola.

e- (n/n) kind of hardwood tree. It has an extensive system of branches but a small trunk and is the source of the staves which the Balaalo employ in herding cattle. (Sn.) cf. oluzira.

v.tr., okwasa, okubajjula; (plantain stems) okugogombola, okuwoolera.

importance, etc. olutindo ssematindo, a huge bridge, ekisobyo ssemasobyo, a great blunder, olutalo ssematalo, a terrific battle/war; world war.

ye- and yo- differ from other verbs in that their infinitives cannot be predicted from the stem. Some verbs retain the initial y-; the remainder drop it and the ku- of the infinitive is replaced by kw-, e.g., yamba, kuyamba; yagala, kwagala; yenga, kuyenga; yera, kwera; yomba, kuyomba; yokya, kwokya. For verbs of the above type the infinitive is listed immediately after the simple form.

be detached, be broken off (e.g., of plantains from, the stem).

to take apart/strip the layers of the stem of a banana/plantain tree and lay them out in an orderly manner.

to peel the mid-rib off of a plantain leaf, remove the stem from the leaf. cf. ekiyubwe.

v.tr. split and detach (the layers of a plantain stem preparatory to laying them out for drying).

o- (mu/mi) ciit banana/plantain stem. cf. ekiteteme.

(la) kind of yam with a vinelike stem.

o- (mu/mi) stem/stalk of a plantain tree; type of necklace made from the flowering stem of the plantain; collar; one afflicted with congenital paralysis (of the spine); yoke (of oxen); pair, couple, omugogo gw'engatto, a pair of shoes, okulwanirira ettooke nga likyali ku mugogo, to fight over a bunch of plantains which is still on the stalk; i.e., to count ones chickens before they are hatched, cf. ggogolo, eki go go, olugogo.

dove; mayiba, doves. Note that the stem is not altered in the plur.

verb stem

o- (mu/mi) white pith of the plantain stem, with the -a of rel. large and bulky, massive, omututumba gw'enjovu, a huge elephant.

plur. m i ri m u.

to slide down a steep slope on a stem of a plantain (mu go go).

v.tr. conv. detach from the stem. cf. ekinogolerwa; nojjola.

rock-s. In cases of this sort the stem begins with y- as do other derivatives: -yinja, kayinja, guyinja, etc.

that the following four forms are built on the stem zib(i)ik- rather than zib-.

e.g., yogera, speak (imperative); okwogera, to speak (infinitive). Verbs of this type are alphabetized under y- rather than o-.

one by one. kinnababirye, two by two, kinna- basatwe, three by three, three at a time. cf. munna-.

my companion; munno, your companion; munne, his/her companion; munnaffe, our companion; munnammwe, your companion; munnaabwe, their companion; bannange, my companions, etc. cf. kinna-, Munno.

kitaawo, kitaawe, kitaffe, kitammwe, kitaabwe; bakitaffe, etc. kitange omuto, my paternal uncle.

-epima (-epimye) v.i. refl. measure oneself; hang oneself; become enraged; have a stem/harsh look.

stem from which the following are formed: (o)musanvu, seven; (e)nsanvu, seventy; (o)lusanvu, seven hundred; (a)kasanvu, seven thousand.

mu bimpi, in short, in a nutshell, ab'emyaka emimpi, young people, cf. bimpimpi, kumpi, omumpi, wampi, -yimpi, yimpawal a.

harsh; strong (of drink); spicy (of food); difficult, hard. cf. kaali.

e.g., yera, sweep (imperative); okwera, to sweep (infinitive). Verbs of this type are listed under y- rather than e-. Reflexive verbs with the initial e- are listed immediately under their non-reflexive counterparts: esamba, kick oneself, is contained in the entry for samba, kick. Reflexive verbs which do not have non-reflexive counterparts are alphabetized on the basis of their second letter: -ebaka, sleep, is listed under b.

nine; (e)kyenda, ninety; (o)lwenda, nine hundred; (a)kenda, nine thousand.

-satu numeral stem three. Initial modifications are made according to the class of the noun to which the numeral refers. Note that ssatu is used in counting (one, two, three, four, etc.) os well as with nouns of the n/n class. Under certain circumstances (for which see the grammars) amakumi asatu, 30 is abbreviated to asatu. cf. -satule, okusatu, Olwokusatu, -nsatule.

-taano numeral stem five. Initial modifications are made according to the class of the noun to which the numeral refers. Note that ttaano is used in counting (one, two, three, etc.) as well as with nouns of the lu/n and n/n classes. Under certain circumstances (for which see the grammars) amakumi ataano, 50, is abbreviated to ataano. cf. okutaano, Olwokutaano.

its language, people, etc. Buganda, (the former kingdom). Olu- ganda, the language of Buganda. Omuganda, a native of Buganda. Abaganda, the people of Buganda. -a kiganda, in the Kiganda style/manner, ennyimba ez'ekiganda, Kiganda songs, -ganda is an element in muganda, brother. H is also used as a simple adjective, ennyindo ejinanda, a Kiganda nose, i.e., a flat nose.

-yimpi adj. short; brief (but only for nouns of the n/n class and plur. nouns of the lu/n class; for other nouns the stem is -mpi). ebbaluwa ennyimpi, short letteKs). Mumpi. He is short, cf. -mpi, yimpawala, kumpi, wampi.

-yingi adj. much; many (but only with nouns of the n/n class and plural nouns of the lu/n class; with other nouns the stem is -ngi). ensi nnyingi, many countries, obulo bungi, much (niUet. cf. -ngi, obungi, yinga.

-biri numeral stem two. Initial modifications are made ac cording to the class of the noun to which the numeral refers. Note that bbiri is used in counting (one, two, three, etc.) as well as with nouns of the lu/n and n/n classes. Under certain circumstanc es (for which see the grammars) amakumi abiri, 20, is abbreviated to abiri. olw'ebbiri, at another time, on another occasion (olwa implies lunaku, day). Ensi emutaddeko abiri. He is the object of public attention, lit. The country has put two (amaaso, eyes, implied) on him. -biri -biri, two by two, two each. Baatambula babiribabiri. They walked two by two. Yatuwa ebitabo bibiri bibiri. He gave us two books each. cf. bbiri, okubiri, Olwokubiri, -mbi(riri).